Papua New Guinea (PNG) has taken a major diplomatic step by approving a landmark defence treaty with Australia, known as the Pukpuk Treaty.
Prime Minister James Marape confirmed the decision, calling it a historic and strategic milestone. Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese welcomed the move, describing it as a foundation for a formal alliance similar to ANZUS, which links Australia, New Zealand, and the United States.
The treaty commits both nations to assist each other in the event of an armed attack. One key provision allows up to 10,000 Papua New Guineans to serve in the Australian Defence Force under dual arrangements. PNG also plans to expand its own military from 4,000 to 7,000 personnel, and establish a 3,000-member reserve corps.
Australia will help modernize PNG’s land, air, and maritime infrastructure to strengthen regional defence capabilities.
The agreement comes amid rising strategic competition in the Pacific, where China has been forging new security partnerships with nations such as the Solomon Islands and Fiji. China’s embassy has already criticized the deal, warning it could create regional divisions.
Although approved by PNG’s cabinet, the treaty still requires parliamentary ratification in both countries before taking effect. Once enacted, it will become Australia’s first formal defence alliance since the 1951 ANZUS treaty.
The Pukpuk Treaty highlights Australia’s growing commitment to strengthening its security presence and influence in the Pacific region.
Experts say the success of the pact will depend on effective implementation and balanced diplomacy, ensuring it supports peace while maintaining strong ties with other Pacific nations.
